Hello_release

From Boomerang's test/windows/hello_release.exe (I had to force the entry point):

Original source code:

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
        int wmId, wmEvent;
        PAINTSTRUCT ps;
        HDC hdc;
        TCHAR szHello[MAX_LOADSTRING];
        LoadString(hInst, IDS_HELLO, szHello, MAX_LOADSTRING);

        switch (message)
        {
                case WM_COMMAND:
                        wmId    = LOWORD(wParam);
                        wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
                        // Parse the menu selections:
                        switch (wmId)
                        {
                                case IDM_ABOUT:
                                   DialogBox(hInst, (LPCTSTR)IDD_ABOUTBOX, hWnd, (DLGPROC)About);
                                   break;
                                case IDM_EXIT:
                                   DestroyWindow(hWnd);
                                   break;
                                default:
                                   return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
                        }
                        break;
                case WM_PAINT:
                        hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
                        // TODO: Add any drawing code here...
                        RECT rt;
                        GetClientRect(hWnd, &rt);
                        DrawText(hdc, szHello, strlen(szHello), &rt, DT_CENTER);   # Note (1)
                        EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
                        break;
                case WM_DESTROY:
                        PostQuitMessage(0);
                        break;
                default:
                        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
   }
   return 0;
}

Disassembly:

  4011b0:       8b 0d 58 55 40 00       mov    0x405558,%ecx
  4011b6:       81 ec b4 00 00 00       sub    $0xb4,%esp
  4011bc:       8d 44 24 50             lea    0x50(%esp),%eax
  4011c0:       6a 64                   push   $0x64
  4011c2:       50                      push   %eax
  4011c3:       6a 6a                   push   $0x6a
  4011c5:       51                      push   %ecx
  4011c6:       ff 15 d0 40 40 00       call   *0x4040d0
  4011cc:       8b 8c 24 bc 00 00 00    mov    0xbc(%esp),%ecx
  4011d3:       8b c1                   mov    %ecx,%eax
  4011d5:       83 e8 02                sub    $0x2,%eax
  4011d8:       0f 84 14 01 00 00       je     0x4012f2
  4011de:       83 e8 0d                sub    $0xd,%eax
  4011e1:       0f 84 ab 00 00 00       je     0x401292
  4011e7:       2d 02 01 00 00          sub    $0x102,%eax
  4011ec:       74 28                   je     0x401216
  4011ee:       8b 94 24 c4 00 00 00    mov    0xc4(%esp),%edx
  4011f5:       8b 84 24 c0 00 00 00    mov    0xc0(%esp),%eax
  4011fc:       52                      push   %edx
  4011fd:       50                      push   %eax
  4011fe:       51                      push   %ecx
  4011ff:       8b 8c 24 c4 00 00 00    mov    0xc4(%esp),%ecx
  401206:       51                      push   %ecx
  401207:       ff 15 98 40 40 00       call   *0x404098
  40120d:       81 c4 b4 00 00 00       add    $0xb4,%esp
  401213:       c2 10 00                ret    $0x10
  401216:       8b 8c 24 c0 00 00 00    mov    0xc0(%esp),%ecx
  40121d:       8b c1                   mov    %ecx,%eax
  40121f:       25 ff ff 00 00          and    $0xffff,%eax
  401224:       83 e8 68                sub    $0x68,%eax
  401227:       74 41                   je     0x40126a
  401229:       48                      dec    %eax
  40122a:       74 25                   je     0x401251
  40122c:       8b 94 24 c4 00 00 00    mov    0xc4(%esp),%edx
  401233:       8b 84 24 b8 00 00 00    mov    0xb8(%esp),%eax
  40123a:       52                      push   %edx
  40123b:       51                      push   %ecx
  40123c:       68 11 01 00 00          push   $0x111
  401241:       50                      push   %eax
  401242:       ff 15 98 40 40 00       call   *0x404098
  401248:       81 c4 b4 00 00 00       add    $0xb4,%esp
  40124e:       c2 10 00                ret    $0x10
  401251:       8b 8c 24 b8 00 00 00    mov    0xb8(%esp),%ecx
  401258:       51                      push   %ecx
  401259:       ff 15 9c 40 40 00       call   *0x40409c
  40125f:       33 c0                   xor    %eax,%eax
  401261:       81 c4 b4 00 00 00       add    $0xb4,%esp
  401267:       c2 10 00                ret    $0x10
  40126a:       8b 94 24 b8 00 00 00    mov    0xb8(%esp),%edx
  401271:       a1 58 55 40 00          mov    0x405558,%eax
  401276:       6a 00                   push   $0x0
  401278:       68 10 13 40 00          push   $0x401310
  40127d:       52                      push   %edx
  40127e:       6a 67                   push   $0x67
  401280:       50                      push   %eax
  401281:       ff 15 a0 40 40 00       call   *0x4040a0
  401287:       33 c0                   xor    %eax,%eax
  401289:       81 c4 b4 00 00 00       add    $0xb4,%esp
  40128f:       c2 10 00                ret    $0x10
  401292:       53                      push   %ebx
  401293:       56                      push   %esi
  401294:       8b b4 24 c0 00 00 00    mov    0xc0(%esp),%esi
  40129b:       8d 4c 24 18             lea    0x18(%esp),%ecx
  40129f:       57                      push   %edi
  4012a0:       51                      push   %ecx
  4012a1:       56                      push   %esi
  4012a2:       ff 15 a4 40 40 00       call   *0x4040a4
  4012a8:       8d 54 24 0c             lea    0xc(%esp),%edx
  4012ac:       8b d8                   mov    %eax,%ebx
  4012ae:       52                      push   %edx
  4012af:       56                      push   %esi
  4012b0:       ff 15 a8 40 40 00       call   *0x4040a8
  4012b6:       8d 44 24 0c             lea    0xc(%esp),%eax
  4012ba:       6a 01                   push   $0x1
  4012bc:       50                      push   %eax
  4012bd:       8d 7c 24 64             lea    0x64(%esp),%edi
  4012c1:       83 c9 ff                or     $0xffffffff,%ecx
  4012c4:       33 c0                   xor    %eax,%eax
  4012c6:       f2 ae                   repnz scas %es:(%edi),%al     # Note (1)
  4012c8:       f7 d1                   not    %ecx
  4012ca:       49                      dec    %ecx
  4012cb:       51                      push   %ecx
  4012cc:       8d 4c 24 68             lea    0x68(%esp),%ecx
  4012d0:       51                      push   %ecx
  4012d1:       53                      push   %ebx
  4012d2:       ff 15 ac 40 40 00       call   *0x4040ac
  4012d8:       8d 54 24 1c             lea    0x1c(%esp),%edx
  4012dc:       52                      push   %edx
  4012dd:       56                      push   %esi
  4012de:       ff 15 b0 40 40 00       call   *0x4040b0
  4012e4:       5f                      pop    %edi
  4012e5:       5e                      pop    %esi
  4012e6:       5b                      pop    %ebx
  4012e7:       33 c0                   xor    %eax,%eax
  4012e9:       81 c4 b4 00 00 00       add    $0xb4,%esp
  4012ef:       c2 10 00                ret    $0x10
  4012f2:       6a 00                   push   $0x0
  4012f4:       ff 15 b4 40 40 00       call   *0x4040b4
  4012fa:       33 c0                   xor    %eax,%eax
  4012fc:       81 c4 b4 00 00 00       add    $0xb4,%esp
  401302:       c2 10 00                ret    $0x10

Anatomizer's decompiled output:

long Main(long arg1, void arg2, long arg3, long arg4)
/* 004011B0 - 00401304
 * Size : 341 ( 0x00000155 )
 * Takes 16 Bytes parameters.
 * Pascal calling convention.
 * Have 180Byte(s) local variable(s).
 */
{
    void loc1; /* ESP -180 */
    void loc2; /* ESP -164 */
    void loc3; /* ESP -100 */
    register long loc4; /* ECX */
    register long loc5; /* EAX */
    register long loc6; /* ESI */
    register long loc7; /* EBX */

    (void) LoadStringA(var00405558, 106, &loc3, 100);
    loc4 = arg2;
    loc5 = loc4;
    loc5 = loc5 - 2;

    if (loc5 != 0) {
        loc5 = loc5 - 13;

        if (loc5 != 0) {
            loc5 = loc5 - 258;

            if (loc5 != 0) {
                loc5 = DefWindowProcA(arg1, loc4, arg3, arg4);
                return (loc5);
            }
            loc4 = arg3;
            loc5 = loc4 & 0x0000FFFF;
            loc5 = loc5 - 104;

            if (loc5 != 0) {
                loc5 = loc5 - 1;

                if (loc5 != 0) {
                    loc5 = DefWindowProcA(arg1, 273, loc4, arg4);
                    return (loc5);
                }
                (void) DestroyWindow(arg1);
                return (0);
            }
            else {
                (void) DialogBoxParamA(var00405558, 103, arg1, &var00401310, 0);
                return (0);
            }
        }
        else {
            loc6 = arg1;
            loc7 = BeginPaint(loc6, &loc2);
            (void) GetClientRect(loc6, &loc1);
            (void) DrawTextA(loc7, &loc3, strlen(&loc3), &loc1, 1);    # Note (1)
            (void) EndPaint(loc6, &loc2);
            return (0);
        }
    }
    else {
        (void) PostQuitMessage(0);
        return (0);
    }
}

Note (1): The string scan instruction at 0x4012c6 is converted cleanly into a strlen call (the third parameter to DrawTextA); this is quite impressive.

switch_gcc.exe

The following test is from Boomerang's test/windows/switch_gcc.exe.

Original source code:

int main(int argc)
{
    switch(argc)
    {
        case 2:
            printf("Two!\n"); break;
        case 3:
            printf("Three!\n"); break;
        case 4:
            printf("Four!\n"); break;
        case 5:
            printf( "Five!\n"); break;
        case 6:
            printf( "Six!\n"); break;
        case 7:
            printf( "Seven!\n"); break;
        default:
            printf( "Other!\n"); break;
    }
    return 0;
}

Disassembly:

  401080:       55                      push   %ebp
  401081:       31 c0                   xor    %eax,%eax
  401083:       89 e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp
  401085:       83 ec 08                sub    $0x8,%esp
  401088:       83 e4 f0                and    $0xfffffff0,%esp
  40108b:       89 5d fc                mov    %ebx,0xfffffffc(%ebp)
  40108e:       8b 5d 08                mov    0x8(%ebp),%ebx
  401091:       e8 aa 03 00 00          call   401440 <___chkstk>
  401096:       e8 35 04 00 00          call   4014d0 <___main>
  40109b:       83 fb 07                cmp    $0x7,%ebx
  40109e:       77 40                   ja     4010e0 <_main+0x60>
  4010a0:       ff 24 9d a8 10 40 00    jmp    *0x4010a8(,%ebx,4)
  4010a7:       90                      nop

  4010a8:       e0104000 e0104000 c8104000 e9104000 f2104000 fb104000 
  4010c0:       04114000 0d114000 

  4010c8:       c7 04 24 50 10 40 00    movl   $0x401050,(%esp)
  4010cf:       90                      nop
  4010d0:       e8 0b 04 00 00          call   4014e0 <_puts>
  4010d5:       8b 5d fc                mov    0xfffffffc(%ebp),%ebx
  4010d8:       31 c0                   xor    %eax,%eax
  4010da:       89 ec                   mov    %ebp,%esp
  4010dc:       5d                      pop    %ebp
  4010dd:       c3                      ret
  4010de:       89 f6                   mov    %esi,%esi
  4010e0:       c7 04 24 55 10 40 00    movl   $0x401055,(%esp)
  4010e7:       eb e7                   jmp    4010d0 <_main+0x50>
  4010e9:       c7 04 24 5c 10 40 00    movl   $0x40105c,(%esp)
  4010f0:       eb de                   jmp    4010d0 <_main+0x50>
  4010f2:       c7 04 24 63 10 40 00    movl   $0x401063,(%esp)
  4010f9:       eb d5                   jmp    4010d0 <_main+0x50>
  4010fb:       c7 04 24 69 10 40 00    movl   $0x401069,(%esp)
  401102:       eb cc                   jmp    4010d0 <_main+0x50>
  401104:       c7 04 24 6f 10 40 00    movl   $0x40106f,(%esp)
  40110b:       eb c3                   jmp    4010d0 <_main+0x50>
  40110d:       c7 04 24 74 10 40 00    movl   $0x401074,(%esp)
  401114:       eb ba                   jmp    4010d0 <_main+0x50>

Anatomizer Decompiler decompiled output (entry point forced):

long Main()
/* 00401080 - 00401115
 * Size : 150 ( 0x00000096 )
 * Takes no parameters.
 * Stack unresolve.
 * Have 8Byte(s) local variable(s).
 */
{
    void loc1; /* ESP -12 */
    void loc2; /* ESP 0 */
    register long loc3; /* EBP */
    register long loc4; /* EBX */
    register long loc5; /* ESP */

    *(loc3 - 4) = loc4;
    loc4 = *(loc3 + 8);
    (void) proc_0002(0, loc5 & -16);
    (void) Red___main();

    if (loc4 <= 7) {

        switch (loc4) {
        case 0:
        case 1:
L1:
            *loc5 = &var00401055;
            break;

        case 2:
            *loc5 = &var00401050;
            break;

        case 3:
            *loc5 = &var0040105C;
            break;

        case 4:
            *loc5 = &var00401063;
            break;

        case 5:
            *loc5 = &var00401069;
            break;

        case 6:
            *loc5 = &var0040106F;
            break;

        case 7:
            *loc5 = &var00401074;
            break;

        } /* end of switch */
    }
    else {
        goto L1;
    }
    (void) Red_puts();
    loc4 = *(loc3 - 4);
    return (0);
}

Perhaps "Stack Unresolve" results from forcing the entry point. (This is a CygWin executable; the only reference to this main function is a move indirect on the stack pointer; it is not called directly). The switch statement is handled reasonably well, apart from the default statement. The parameter to puts is missing. No strings are resolved as a result.

Wink.exe

From a 2MB open source executable:

  48d6e8:       56                      push   %esi
  48d6e9:       57                      push   %edi
  48d6ea:       8b f1                   mov    %ecx,%esi
  48d6ec:       33 ff                   xor    %edi,%edi
  48d6ee:       39 7e 04                cmp    %edi,0x4(%esi)
  48d6f1:       76 24                   jbe    0x48d717
  48d6f3:       8b 46 08                mov    0x8(%esi),%eax
  48d6f6:       8b 04 b8                mov    (%eax,%edi,4),%eax
  48d6f9:       83 e8 0c                sub    $0xc,%eax
  48d6fc:       8b 08                   mov    (%eax),%ecx
  48d6fe:       83 f9 ff                cmp    $0xffffffff,%ecx
  48d701:       74 0e                   je     0x48d711
  48d703:       49                      dec    %ecx
  48d704:       85 c9                   test   %ecx,%ecx
  48d706:       89 08                   mov    %ecx,(%eax)
  48d708:       75 07                   jne    0x48d711
  48d70a:       50                      push   %eax
  48d70b:       e8 fc f9 0e 00          call   0x57d10c
  48d710:       59                      pop    %ecx
  48d711:       47                      inc    %edi
  48d712:       3b 7e 04                cmp    0x4(%esi),%edi
  48d715:       72 dc                   jb     0x48d6f3
  48d717:       5f                      pop    %edi
  48d718:       5e                      pop    %esi
  48d719:       c3                      ret

void proc_0019()
/* 0048D6E8 - 0048D719
 * Size : 50 ( 0x00000032 )
 * Takes no parameters.
 * Call from proc_0020 ,proc_0022 ,proc_0021.
 */
{
    register long loc1; /* ESI */
    register long loc2; /* ECX */
    register long loc3; /* EDI */
    register long loc4; /* EAX */

    loc1 = loc2;
    loc3 = 0;

    if (*(loc1 + 4) <= loc3) {
        return;
    }

    do {
        loc4 = *(*(loc1 + 8) + (loc3 * 4)) - 12;
        loc2 = *loc4;

        if (loc2 != -1) {
            loc2 = loc2 - 1;
            *loc4 = loc2;

            if (loc2 == 0) {
                (void) proc_0046();
            }
        }
        loc3 = loc3 + 1;
    } while (loc3 < *(loc1 + 4));

    return;
}

Note that no parameters were found, even though plainly ecx is used before being defined. In the first conditional statement, the zero value in edi is not propagated into the predicate. The while statement is clearly using an array, which remains as a memory expression.

In other cases, it is obvious that no floating point instructions are handled, and overlapped registers (e.g. bl and ebx) are treaded as separate registers.

Anatomizer hello world example

The above example is similar to one I found on the Anatomizer web page; both come from the MSVC C++ Wizard, and both implement the commonly used "hello world" program.

-- MikeVanEmmerik - 01 Aug 2005

Revision: r1.3 - 14 Apr 2007 - 07:15 - MikeVanEmmerik
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