- that expand into content whenever a page is opened. When a topic is rendered for viewing,
are replaced by data, either user-entered, or info automatically generated by TWiki (like the date, or the current username). There are predefined variables, and Preference variables that you configure. You can also define custom variables, with new names and values.
To leave a variable unexpanded, preceed it with an exclamation point, e.g. type
file, when TWiki was installed, or taken from server info (like current username, or date and time). Many of the variables let you format the appearance of the display results.
This version of TWiki - 04 Sep 2004 $Rev: 1742 $ - expands the following variables (enclosed in
| Variable: | Expanded to: |
%WIKIHOMEURL% |
The base script URL of TWiki, is the link of the Home icon in the upper left corner, is http://your.domain.com/twiki |
%SCRIPTURL% |
The script URL of TWiki, is |
%SCRIPTURLPATH% |
The path of the script URL of TWiki, is |
%SCRIPTSUFFIX% |
The script suffix, ex: .pl, .cgi is |
%PUBURL% |
The public URL of TWiki, is /pub
Example: You can refer to a file attached to another topic as %PUBURL%/%WEB%/OtherTopic/image.gif |
%PUBURLPATH% |
The path of the public URL of TWiki, is /pub |
%ATTACHURL% |
The attachment URL of the current topic, is /pub/TWiki/TWikiVariables
Example: If you attach a file you can refer to it as %ATTACHURL%/image.gif |
%ATTACHURLPATH% |
The path of the attachment URL of the current topic, is /pub/TWiki/TWikiVariables |
%ICON{"type"}% |
Small 16x16 pixel icon of common attachment types, like  bmp,  doc, gif,  hlp,  html,  mp3,  pdf,  ppt,  txt,  xls,  xml,  zip, etc. Specify file type only, file name, or full path name. Example: %ICON{"pdf"}% returns |
%URLPARAM{"name"}% |
Returns the value of a URL parameter. Note that there is a risk that this variable could be misused for cross-scripting. Supported parameters:
| Parameter: | Description: | Default: |
|---|
"name" | The name of a URL parameter | required |
default="..." | Default value in case parameter is empty or missing | empty string |
newline="<br />" | Convert newlines in textarea to other delimiters | no conversion |
encode="entity" | Encode special characters into HTML entities, like a double quote into ". This is needed if text is put into an HTML form field | no encoding |
encode="url" | Encode special characters for URL parameter use, like a double quote into %22 | no encoding |
multiple="on"
multiple="[[$item]]" | If set, gets all selected elements of a <select multiple="multiple"> tag. A format can be specified, with $item indicating the element, e.g. multiple="Option: $item" | first element |
separator=", " | Separator between multiple selections. Only relevant if multiple is specified | "\n" (new line) |
Example: %URLPARAM{"skin"}% returns print for a .../view/TWiki/TWikiVariables?skin=print URL. Is print.pattern
|
%ENCODE{"string"}% |
Encodes a string. Supported parameters:
| Parameter: | Description: | Default: |
|---|
"string" | String to encode | required (can be empty) |
type="entity" | Encode special characters into HTML entities, like a double quote into " | URL encoding |
type="url" | Encode special characters for URL parameter use, like a double quote into %22 | (this is the default) |
Example: %ENCODE{"spaced name"}% returns spaced%20name |
%WIKITOOLNAME% |
The name of your TWiki site - TWiki |
%WIKIVERSION% |
Your current TWiki version - 04 Sep 2004 $Rev: 1742 $ |
%USERNAME% |
Your login username - guest |
%WIKINAME% |
Your Wiki username. Same as %USERNAME% if not defined in the TWikiUsers topic. Is TWikiGuest |
%WIKIUSERNAME% |
Your %WIKINAME% including the Main web name - always use full signatures - Main.TWikiGuest |
%MAINWEB% |
The web containing TWikiUsers, OfficeLocations and TWikiGroups is Main |
%TWIKIWEB% |
The web containing all documentation and site-wide preference settings for TWiki - TWiki |
%WEB% |
The current web is TWiki |
%BASEWEB% |
The web name where the includes started, e.g. the web of the first topic of nested includes. Same as %WEB% in case there is no include. |
%INCLUDINGWEB% |
The web name of the topic that includes the current topic - same as %WEB% if there is no INCLUDE. |
%HOMETOPIC% |
The home topic in each web - WebHome |
%NOTIFYTOPIC% |
The notify topic in each web - WebNotify |
%WIKIUSERSTOPIC% |
The index topic of all registered users - TWikiUsers |
%WIKIPREFSTOPIC% |
The site-wide preferences topic - TWikiPreferences |
%WEBPREFSTOPIC% |
The local web preferences topic in each web - WebPreferences |
%STATISTICSTOPIC% |
The web statistics topic WebStatistics |
%TOPIC% |
The current topic name - TWikiVariables |
%BASETOPIC% |
The name of the topic where a single or nested INCLUDE started - same as %TOPIC% if there is no INCLUDE. |
%INCLUDINGTOPIC% |
The name of the topic that includes the current topic. Same as %TOPIC% in case there is no include. |
%SPACEDTOPIC% |
The current topic name with added spaces, for regular expression search of Ref-By, is TWiki%20*Variables |
%TOPICLIST{"format"}% |
Topic index of a web. The "format" defines the format of one topic item. It may include variables: The $name variable gets expanded to the topic name; the $web variable gets expanded to the name of the web.
Parameters are format, separator and web:
| Parameter: | Description: | Default: |
|---|
"format" | Format of one line, may include $name and $web variables | "$name" |
format="format" | (Alternative to above) | "$name" |
separator=", " | line separator | "\n" (new line) |
web="Name" | Name of web | Current web |
Examples:
%TOPICLIST{" * $web.$name"}% creates a bullet list of all topics.
%TOPICLIST{separator=", "}% creates a comma separated list of all topics.
%TOPICLIST{" <option>$name</option>"}% creates an option list (for drop down menus). |
%WEBLIST{"format"}% |
Web index, ex: list of all webs. Hidden webs are excluded, e.g. webs with a NOSEARCHALL=on preference variable. The "format" defines the format of one web item. The $name variable gets expanded to the name of the web, $qname gets expanded to double quoted name, $marker to marker where web matches selection.
Parameters are format, separator and web:
| Parameter: | Description: | Default: |
|---|
"format" | Format of one line, may include $name variable | "$name" |
format="format" | (Alternative to above) | "$name" |
separator=", " | line separator | "\n" (new line) |
webs="public" | comma sep list of Web, public expands to all non-hidden | "public" |
marker="selected" | Text for $marker where item matches selection, otherwise equals "" | "selected" |
selection="%WEB%" | Current value to be selected in list | section="%WEB%" |
Examples:
%WEBLIST{" * [[$name.WebHome]]"}% creates a bullet list of all webs.
%WEBLIST{"<option $marker value=$qname>$name</option>" webs="Trash,public" selection="TWiki" separator=" "}% Dropdown of all public Webs + Trash Web, current Web highlighted.
|
%GMTIME% |
GM time, is 24 Jul 2020 - 18:31 |
%GMTIME{"format"}% |
Formatted GM time based on time variables.
| Variable: | Unit: | Example |
|---|
$seconds | seconds | 59 |
$minutes | minutes | 59 |
$hours | hours | 23 |
$day | day of month | 31 |
$wday | day of the Week (Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat) | Thu |
$month | month in ISO format | Dec |
$mo | 2 digit month | 12 |
$year | 4 digit year | 1999 |
$ye | 2 digit year | 99 |
$tz | either "GMT" (if set to gmtime), or "Local" (if set to servertime) | GMT |
$iso | ISO format timestamp | 2020-07-24T18:31Z |
$rcs | RCS format timestamp | 2020/07/24 18:31:20 |
$http | E-mail & http format timestamp | Fri, 24 Jul 2020 18:31:20 GMT |
Variables can be shortened to 3 characters. Example:
%GMTIME{"$day $month, $year - $hour:$min:$sec"}% is
24 Jul, 2020 - 18:31:20 |
%SERVERTIME% |
Server time, is 24 Jul 2020 - 18:31 |
%SERVERTIME{"format"}% |
Formatted server time. Same format qualifiers as %GMTIME%
Example: %SERVERTIME{"$hou:$min"}% is 18:31 |
%DISPLAYTIME% |
Display time, is 24 Jul 2020 - 18:31 |
%DISPLAYTIME{"format"}% |
Formatted time - either GMT or Local server time, depending on setting in TWiki.cfg. Same format qualifiers as %GMTIME%
Example: %DISPLAYTIME{"$hou:$min"}% is 18:31 |
%HTTP_HOST% |
HTTP_HOST environment variable, is program-transformation.org |
%REMOTE_ADDR% |
REMOTE_ADDR environment variable, is 10.233.1.1 |
%REMOTE_PORT% |
REMOTE_PORT environment variable, is 35328 |
%REMOTE_USER% |
REMOTE_USER environment variable, is |
%INCLUDE{"page" ...}% |
Server side include to IncludeTopicsAndWebPages:
| Parameter: | Description: | Default: |
|---|
"SomeTopic" | The name of a topic located in the current web, i.e. %INCLUDE{"WebNotify"}% | |
"Web.Topic" | A topic in another web, i.e. %INCLUDE{"TWiki.SiteMap"}% | |
"http://..." | A full qualified URL, i.e. %INCLUDE{"http://twiki.org/"}% | |
pattern="..." | A RegularExpression pattern to include a subset of a topic or page | none |
rev="1.2" | Include a previous topic revision; N/A for URLs | top revision |
warn="off" | Warn if topic include fails: Fail silently (if off); output default warning (if set to on); else, output specific text (use $topic for topic name) | %INCLUDE- WARNING% preferences setting |
|
%STARTINCLUDE% |
If present in included topic, start to include text from this location up to the end, or up to the location of the %STOPINCLUDE% variable. A normal view of the topic shows everyting exept the %STARTINCLUDE% variable itself. |
%STOPINCLUDE% |
If present in included topic, stop to include text at this location and ignore the remaining text. A normal view of the topic shows everyting exept the %STOPINCLUDE% variable itself. |
%TOC% |
Table of Contents of current topic. |
%TOC{"SomeTopic" ...}% |
Table of Contents. Shows a TOC that is generated automatically based on headings of a topic. Headings in WikiSyntax ("---++ text") and HTML ("<h2>text</h2>") are taken into account. Any heading text after "!!" is excluded from the TOC; for example, write "---+!! text" if you do not want to list a header in the TOC. Supported parameters:
| Parameter: | Description: | Default: |
|---|
"TopicName" | topic name | Current topic |
web="Name" | Name of web | Current web |
depth="2" | Limit depth of headings shown in TOC | 6 |
title="Some text" | Title to appear at top of TOC | none |
Examples: %TOC{depth="2"}%, %TOC{"TWikiDocumentation" web="TWiki" title="Contents:"}%
|
%SEARCH{"text" ...}% |
Inline search, shows a search result embedded in a topic. Parameters are the search term, web, scope, order and many more: [1]
| Parameter: | Description: | Default: |
|---|
"text" | Search term. Is a keyword search, literal search or regular expression search, depending on the type parameter. SearchHelp has more | required |
search="text" | (Alternative to above) | N/A |
web="Name"
web="Main, Know"
web="all" | Wiki web to search: A web, a list of webs separated by comma, or all webs. [2] | Current web |
topic="WebPreferences"
topic="*Bug" | Limit search to topics: A topic, a topic with asterisk wildcards, or a list of topics separated by comma. | All topics in a web |
excludetopic="Web*"
excludetopic="WebHome, WebChanges" | Exclude topics from search: A topic, a topic with asterisk wildcards, or a list of topics separated by comma. | None |
type="keyword"
type="literal"
type="regex" | Do a keyword search like soap "web service" -shampoo; a literal search like web service; or RegularExpression search like soap;web service;!shampoo | %SEARCHVAR- DEFAULTTYPE% preferences setting |
scope="topic"
scope="text"
scope="all" | Search topic name (title); the text (body) of topic; or all (both) | "text" |
order="topic"
order="created"
order="modified"
order="editby"
order=
"formfield(name)" | Sort the results of search by the topic names, topic creation time, last modified time, last editor, or named field of TWikiForms. The sorting is done web by web; in case you want to sort across webs, create a formatted table and sort it with TablePlugin's initsort | Sort by topic name |
limit="all"
limit="16" | Limit the number of results returned. This is done after sorting in case order is specified | All results |
reverse="on" | Reverse the direction of the search | Ascending search |
casesensitive="on" | Case sensitive search | Ignore case |
nosummary="on" | Show topic title only | Show topic summary |
bookview="on" | BookView search, e.g. show complete topic text | Show topic summary |
nosearch="on" | Suppress search string | Show search string |
noheader="on" | Suppress search header
Topics: Changed: By: | Show search header |
nototal="on" | Do not show number of topics found | Show number |
header="..."
format="..." | Custom format results: see FormattedSearch for usage, variables & examples | Results in table |
expandvariables="on" | Expand variables before applying a FormattedSearch on a search hit. Useful to show the expanded text, e.g. to show the result of a SpreadSheetPlugin %CALC{}% instead of the formula | Raw text |
multiple="on" | Multiple hits per topic. Each hit can be formatted. The last token is used in case of a regular expression ";" and search | Only one hit per topic |
separator=", " | Line separator between hits | Newline "$n" |
Example: %SEARCH{"wiki" web="Main" scope="topic"}%
Formatted example: %SEARCH{"FAQ" scope="topic" nosearch="on" nototal="on" header="| *Topic: * | *Summary: * |" format="| $topic | $summary |"% (displays results in a table with header - details)
 If the TWiki:Plugins.TablePlugin is installed, you may set a %TABLE{}% variable just before the %SEARCH{}% to alter the output of a search. Example: %TABLE{ tablewidth="90%" }%
|
%METASEARCH{...}% |
Special search of meta data
| Parameter: | Description: | Default: |
|---|
type="topicmoved" | What sort of search is required?
"topicmoved" if search for a topic that may have been moved
"parent" if searching for topics that have a specific parent i.e. its children | required |
web="%WEB%" | Wiki web to search: A web, a list of webs separated by whitespace, or all webs. | required |
topic="%TOPIC%" | The topic the search relates to | required |
title="Title" | Text that is prepended to any search results | required |
Example: %METASEARCH{type="topicmoved" web="%WEB%" topic="%TOPIC%" title="This topic used to exist and was moved to: "}%, you may want to use this in WebTopicViewTemplate and WebTopicNonWikiTemplate
%METASEARCH{type="parent" web="%WEB%" topic="%TOPIC%" title="Children: "}%
|
%VAR{"NAME" web="Web"}% |
Get a preference value from a web other then the current one. Example: To get %WEBBGCOLOR% of the Main web write %VAR{"WEBBGCOLOR" web="Main"}%, is #EEEEAA |
| Variable: | Level: | What: |
%WIKIWEBMASTER% |
SL |
Webmaster email address (sender of email notifications) , is webmaster@strategoxt.org |
%WIKIWEBLIST% |
SL |
List of TWiki webs (in upper right corner of topics) |
%WEBTOPICLIST% |
WL |
Common links of web (second line of topics) |
%WEBCOPYRIGHT% |
SL , WL |
Copyright notice (bottom right corner of topics) |
%WEBBGCOLOR% |
WL |
Background color of web |
%NOSEARCHALL% |
WL |
Exclude web from a web="all" search (set variable to on for hidden webs) |
%NEWTOPICBGCOLOR% |
SL , UL |
Background color of non existing topic. ( UL needs authentication for topic views ) |
%NEWTOPICFONTCOLOR% |
SL , UL |
Font color of non existing topic. ( UL needs authentication for topic views ) |
%EDITBOXWIDTH% |
SL , UL |
Horizontal size of edit box, is 100 |
%EDITBOXHEIGHT% |
SL , UL |
Vertical size of edit box, is 42 |
%EDITBOXSTYLE% |
SL , UL |
Style of text edit box. Set to width: 99% for full window width (default; overwrites the EDITBOXWIDTH setting), or width: auto to disable. Value is: width: 99% |
%RELEASEEDITLOCKCHECKBOX% |
SL , UL |
Default state of the "Release edit lock" (UnlockTopic) check box in preview. Checkbox is initially checked if Set RELEASEEDITLOCKCHECKBOX = checked="checked", or unchecked if empty. If checked, make sure to click on Edit to do more changes; do not go back in your browser to the edit page, or you risk that someone else will edit the topic at the same time! Value is: |
%DONTNOTIFYCHECKBOX% |
SL , UL |
Default state of the "Minor Changes, Don't Notify" (DontNotify) check box in preview. Check box is initially checked if Set DONTNOTIFYCHECKBOX = checked="checked", or unchecked if empty. Value is: |
%ATTACHLINKBOX% |
SL , UL |
Default state of the link check box in the attach file page. Check box is initially checked if value is set to CHECKED , unchecked if empty. If checked, a link is created to the attached file at the end of the topic. Value is: |
%HTTP_EQUIV_ON_VIEW% |
SL |
http-equiv meta tags for view, rdiff, attach, search* scripts. |
%HTTP_EQUIV_ON_EDIT% |
SL , UL |
http-equiv meta tags for edit script. |
%HTTP_EQUIV_ON_PREVIEW% |
SL , UL |
http-equiv meta tags for preview script. |
%DENYWEBCHANGE% |
WL |
List of users and groups who are not allowed to change topics in the TWiki web. (More in TWikiAccessControl) |
%ALLOWWEBCHANGE% |
WL |
List of users and groups who are allowed to change topics in the TWiki web. (More in TWikiAccessControl) |
%DENYTOPICCHANGE% |
(any topic) |
List of users and groups who are not allowed to change the current topic. (More in TWikiAccessControl) |
%ALLOWTOPICCHANGE% |
(any topic) |
List of users and groups who are allowed to change the current topic. (More in TWikiAccessControl) |
%DENYWEBRENAME% |
WL |
List of users and groups who are not allowed to rename topics in the TWiki web. (More in TWikiAccessControl) |
%ALLOWWEBRENAME% |
WL |
List of users and groups who are allowed to rename topics in the TWiki web. (More in TWikiAccessControl) |
%DENYTOPICRENAME% |
(any topic) |
List of users and groups who are not allowed to rename the current topic. (More in TWikiAccessControl) |
%ALLOWTOPICRENAME% |
(any topic) |
List of users and groups who are allowed to rename the current topic. (More in TWikiAccessControl) |
%FINALPREFERENCES% |
SL , WL |
List of preferences that are not allowed to be overridden by next level preferences |
Take the time to thoroughly read through ALL preference variables. If you actively configure your site, review variables periodically. They cover a wide range of functions, and it can be easy to miss the one perfect variable for something you have in mind. For example, see